Trout FishingEngland

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Trout species

     Trout is the common name of a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmon family,sub family, salomoninae.Trout are usually found in cold, clear,fresh water,  except for the anadromous (sea going migratory trout )and prefer good cover such as under overhanging vegetation , undercutting rocks in swift flowing water or holes made by tree roots below the surface in river banks.Trout demand good water quality, water temperatures above 20 to 21 degrees centigrade are lethal to trout (trout need 6ppm of dissolved oxygen to grow properly which is high) at water temperatures of 20 degrees or above the warm water contains less oxygen. Trout will withstand acidity down to 4.5 pH there are very few rivers in England or Wales with a pH  this low, however there are thousands of Lochs, rivers and streams in Scandinavia which once teemed with trout that now do not contain a single fish due to the man-made effects of acid rain, this should be a warning to all who care about the great outdoors. All trout species have a tiny adipose fin  on their backs located between the tail (caudal) fin and the back (dorsal) fins (see trout pysiology ).The reason for the adipose fin has not been established although it is though that it may have something to do with streamlining and/or breeding. In light of this, the practice of clipping the adipose fins for the purpose of marking trout should perhaps best not be encouraged.

   The brown trout is a freshwater fish of medium size which generally migrates from lakes or rivers to streams to spawn. The sea going form of the brown trout is known as the sea  trout (or sewin in Wales) and is  the same fish genetically. Brown trout are native to Europe and Asia and have been introduced to several other countries, most notably; Australia, New Zealand and America. Brown trout like well oxygenated large upland streams and brooks and sometimes populate larger rivers. The fish in upland waters tend to grow slower. Brown trout are very wary and are the most difficult of the trout species to catch. Wild brown trout are stubborn fighters when hooked, always swimming for cover, they make excellent sport fish for the angler. Mature Brown trout in small rivers average from about 1lb to 2lbs in weight although in some locations they can grow  over 10lbs. The current world record stands at  40lbs 4 ounces caught in Little Red River, Arkansas, U.S.A in 1992. Brown trout are closely related to Atlantic salmon. Ferox trout are trout which turn cannibal, normally young trout prey upon insects ,worms, grubs, flies, invertebrates and larvae. The ability of trout to catch flying insects has led to the sport of fly fishing . However, occasionally a juvenile trout will prey on other fish (including its own species)eating fish up to half its own size. When this occurs the ferox trout puts on weight at a rapid rate due to a far higher intake of protein. Very few trout turn ferox which  may be due to limited fish stocks. Adult brown trout are territorial in nature. Trout anglers should  look for well oxygenated swims with good cover to improve their chances of catching wild brown trout. The introduction of brown trout for sport has led to a negative impact on native upland fish species in some countries, most notably Australia. The popularity of trout both as a sport fish and as a food fish has led to the artificial propagation of trout. This in turn has sometimes impacted badly  on native species of fish through increased competition for food, territory, and from brown trout preying upon the native species of fish. Today, completely natural populations of wild brown trout that have not interbred with artificially propagated brown trout, probably only exist in isolated  waters such as in Corsica or  high in the Alpine valleys of Europe. At the same time the introduction of coarse fish into the waters of territorial native brown trout has sometimes had devastating effects on the native populations of brown trout such as for example that which has occurred at Lake Windermere in the English Lake District. (see also the life cycle of trout ).

Sea Trout

   The sea trout or sewin has it is known in Wales is simply an ocean going form of the brown trout belonging to the same species that often share the same habitat. However, a sea trout is anadromous in nature spending most of its life at sea returning to fresh water only to spawn.Sea trout anglers know that the best time to fish for sea trout is after dark using wet trout flies.

Rainbow trout  are also known mistakenly as redband trout which are in fact a subspecies intermediary of rainbow and cutthroat trout.Rainbow trout are native to the tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America as well as many of the American States especially the Northern United States. The ocean going form of rainbow trout are known as steelhead trout in the U.S.A. or ocean trout in Australia. Rainbow trout are excellent game fish that are noted for their leaps and are hard fighting   when hooked especially in their native countries. Rainbow trout are a brightly colored fish that inhabit lakes and swift flowing streams and rivers. Rainbow trout are covered with small black dots and have a reddish band on either side.The fish has been introduced to over 45 countries including the United Kingdom (introduced to the UK from North America) and every continent except Antarctica. DNA studies have shown that rainbow trout are closer genetically to Pacific salmon than they are to brown trout.